Pancake baking apparatus



June 4, 1963 A. J. MACCHI 3,092,014

PANCAKE BAKING APPARATUS Original Filed Sept. 17, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 1INVENTOR.

Arihur I. m acchL Q83 L. L

TORNEY June 1963 A. J. MACCHI 3,092,014

PANCAKE BAKING APPARATUS Original Filed Sept. 17, 1959 2 hee s-S 2 CAMMOTOR FORWARD STOP REVERSE STOP HOLDING A A A A h NC 94 89 90 9| 9;IN-C. N.c. N-O. N.C. 7

A ORNEY United States Patent l 3,0Q2,014 PANCAKE BAKING APPARATUS Arthur.I. Macchi, 2 16 Butcher St, Hopedale, Mass. Continuation of applicationSer. No. 34%,713, Sept. 17,

1959. This application Feb. 21, 1962, Ser. No.

(llaims. (0. 99-423) This invention relates to an automatic pancakebaking apparatus and more particularly to a device which will serve tobake a group of pancakes simultaneously.

Pancakes, or griddle cakes, are usually made by baking a suitable batteron one side and then manually turning the cake over to bake the oppositeside. Various mechanical devices have been proposed for baking andturning the cakes over, but they have been complicated, cumbersome andinetlicient. 'It has also been proposed to provide a pair ofelectrically heated griddles which are so arranged vertically that thebatter may be baked on one side of the upper griddle and then, byrotating the griddle, be deposited on the lower griddle for completingthe baking operation. This, however, is time-Wasting and unsatisfactorybecause of the requirement that only one pancake may be baked at a time.In a restaurant, it is customary for a customer to ask for a short orderof usually three pancakes, and he would like to have them all baked atthe same time .and be equally hot when received.

It is, accordingly, the primary object of this invention to provide asimple, eflicient, small sized apparatus for baking and turning aplurality of cakes simultaneously, and particularly to provide a set ofelectrically heated grills so mounted that a plurality of cakes may eachbe simultaneously baked first on one side and then turned over at thesame time for completing the baking.

A further object is to provide apparatus comprising a set of reversiblegrills so shaped and positioned that a cake may be baked on one side ofeach and then the grill reversed to deposit its cake bottom side uponthe grill therebeneath after which the grills may be again reversed andthe cakes will slide off the same.

Another object is to provide apparatus of this type wherein a set ofgrills are mounted in a vertically spaced stack and the lower grills maybe moved laterally to suitable positions for depositing batter thereonand then returned to a vertical stack arrangement of one above anotherwhere the baking and reversal of the cakes may be effected.

A still further object is to provide automatically operated timecontrolled electric motor mechanism coordinated with the grills whichserves after the batter has been deposited on the grills to bake oneside of each cake for a predetermined time and then reverse the grillsand deposit each partly baked cake on a grill therebeneath forcompleting the baking of the opposite side, after which the cakes areautomatically removed. Other objects will be apparent in the followingdisclosure.

In accordance with this invention, a set of grills have their oppositesides shaped and conditioned for baking the batter on both sidesthereof. These grills are mounted as a unit in closely spacedparallelism, one above another, and they are provided with opposed pairsof adjacent first and second baking surfaces on juxtaposed sides soarranged that the lower surfaces of the pairs serve for baking aplurality of pan or griddle cakes sumultaneously. They are so mountedthat they may be rotated as a unit, either manually or preferablyautomatically, through a suitable angle to deposit each partly bakedcake on the top of the heated grill therebeneath and thus bake the othersides. Each of the lower grills is preferably mounted to be swunglaterally to expedite the batter loading operation. The rotation of thegrill unit is preferably accomplished by an electric motor. A timedcontrol device may be employed to provide suitable time intervals forboth of the baking stages and preferably to control the motor rotationof the grills between the first and second baking stages and finally todischarge the finished cakes. Also, the grills are so constructed thatthe cakes are held in position during the first half turn rotation butmay slide from the grills when they are tilted after the second bakingstage. The grills may be rotated reversely through or unidirectionallythrough 360 to return them to their initial horizontal positions for theapplication of further batter.

Referring to the drawings which illustrate somewhat diagrammatically apreferred embodiment of the invention:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the apparatus with the grills arranged as arotatable unit, but swung laterally to batter loading positions;

FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus with the grills in theirclosed and baking positions;

FIG. 3 is an end elevation;

FIG. 4 is a wiring diagram for the grills, including an automatic timerand motor operating mechanism for rotating the grill unit;

FIGS. 5 and 6 are diagrammatic views of the grills, showing theirrotation in one direction from the position of FIG. 3 to that of FIG. 6which insures the deposition of each half baked cake on the grilltherebeneath; and

P16. 7 is a diagrammatic view showing how the reverse rotation of thegrills through 180 will cause the completely baked cakes to slide fromthe flat baking surfaces and be deposited in a dish therebeneath.

Referring first to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, grills 10, ll, 12 and 13, or anyother suitable number thereof, are so mounted in a close spacing thatthey may be rotated as a unit through a suitable angle to cause thecakes thereon to drop onto the tops of grills therebeneath. The battermay be inserted laterally between the grills held in fixed parallelism,but to facilitate the batter loading step, the lower grills in the unitare preferably so mounted that they may be swung from the verticallystacked positions of FIGS. 2 and-3 to the laterally spread outarrangement of FIG. 1. After the batter has been deposited on thelaterally displaced grills, the latter are returned to the verticallystacked and substantially parallel arrangement for the cake bakingoperation.

The grills may comprise electric resistance heating units 14, 15, 16 and17 (FIG. 4) suitably embedded in insulation and enclosed bysubstantially parallel external metal disk shaped plates forming theopposed baking surfaces required for the purpose. The grill constructionmay be in accordance with standard practice except as herein defined.Since the opposite upper and lower surfaces of the cylindrical or diskshaped grill are to be used, they are made of polished metal, such'as analuminum alloy, which is suitable for the high temperature operation,and the heating elements are preferably located centrally between theouter baking facesand coordinated with internal or external thermostatunits, or otherwise constructed, so as to insure the required batterbaking temperature, as is understood. The constructional details of thegrills and the wiring involved in leading the electric current to theheating elements have not been illustrated in the drawings, since thismay be of standard construction. Since the grills need to be rotatedonly through 180 for the cake transfer, it is sufficient to have thelead wires brought from an outside source and connected to each of theplates and so arranged that the wires may twist through the requiredangle of rotation. However, the wiring for each of the several grillswill normally be concealed and connected to a single lead-in circuit, asis obvious.

A simple form of apparatus has the spaced grills mounted as a unit,whether or not laterally displaceable individually, which is arranged tobe rotated about a single axis central of the unit, and this consequentrevolution of the grills about that axis may be effected by applying acrank to the unit axle. It is, however, preferred to rotate the unitautomatically by a time controlled electric motor, and to have thegrills mounted for lateral displacement.

To provide for the lateral movement of the several grills, they arepreferably mounted on swinging arms assembled as a rotatable unit. Apreferred construction comprises a suitable grill support formed of theopposed walls or standards 20 and 21 connected by a base plate 22. Arevoluble framework which serves to hold the grills together as a unitand provide for their lateral displacement, comprises an extendedhorizontal pivoted arm 24: suitably secured to one side of the uppergrill Iii and a depending toothed member 25 secured at its upper portionto the opposite side of the same grill. This member has teeth 26, 27'and 28 so shaped and positioned as to constitute supports for lugs onthe sides of the grills l1, l2 and 13 therebeneath and whichever sideup. Other forms of supports and locks may be used. To provide forrotation of the unit of assembled grills, the toothed member 25 has acentrally located horizontal projecting axle 3d suitably mounted forrotation in bearings in the top of the wall or standard 20. The grillshave each an arm projecting laterally and toward the right in FIG. 2 andso arranged that the lower arms may be pivotally assembled beneath thearm 24 of the top grill 10. To that end, the arms 32, 33 and 34 as wellas the arm 24 of the top hot plate 10 are each provided at their righthand ends with parallel faced bosses and vertical bearing holes withinwhich a vertical pin 36 is mounted and suitably secured, as by means ofa head 37 and nut 38, so that the arms of the grills are held assembledas a rotatable unit, but the lower arms may be swung laterally relativeto each other. The pin 36 passes through a central body 40 (FIG. 2)having fiat parallel faces contacting parallel faces on the arms 32 and33 on its opposite sides. The central body 40 has a horizontal axle 42suitably mounted in the right hand standard 21. The axles 3t and. 42 arealigned and provide a rotatable support for the grills.

The pin 42 projects outwardly and may be manually rotated. As shown, itcarries a gear 43- fixed thereto which meshes with a smaller or suitablegear 44 fixed on the axle of a small motor 45 of suitablecharacteristics. The motor wiring and the gears are such as to providefor rotating the grill unit slowly through a required operation. Thethree lower grills have lugs 46, 47 and 48 respectively at the leftwhich project laterally and are so arranged they will slide between andrest upon the associated teeth 26, 27 and 28 of the toothed pivotedmember or framework 25, which is fixed to the grill 10, thusconstituting a satisfactory support for the grills while they arelocated either side up.

Although various constructions may be employed to insure that the grillsare in the stacked arrangement during the baking stage and particularlywhen they are rotated to turn the cakes, the drawings show a preferredconstruction whereby an arcuate bolt 50 (FIG. 1) is pivoted at 51 to thetop bar 24. This bolt passes through a vertical lug 52 fixed on the sideof the next lower arm 32 of the grill 11. A compression spring '53 ismounted on the bolt 54) between the lug '2 and a nut 54 threaded on theend of the bolt. This construction is such that when the plate 11 isswung outwardly, the spring 53 is compressed and tends to return theplate to the stacked position of FIG. 2. The other arms 33 and 34 aresimilarly provided with bolts, lugs and compression springs whichlikewise urge the arms to return to their stacked position. It will benoted that the bolt 56 which controls the position of the plate 12 ispivoted at 57 on the second. arm 32 of plate 11, and the pivot bolt 58'which controls the position of the arm 34 or hot plate 13 is pivoted at59 on the arm 33. A

handle 69 (FIG. 1) may be secured to the side of the lowermost grill 1.3for manipulation of the various parts. The grills may be held in theirlaterally extended posiions by a suitable locking mechanism. As shown,this may comprise an Alnico magnet 62 mounted on the framework of thestandard 21 and which has an outer flat face adapted to engage and holdmagnetically a flat faced magnetic iron lug 64 projecting laterally fromthe handle 60' so that the operator may forcibly disengage the magnetwhereupon the springs return the grills. It will be appreciated thatthey are held in that vertical arrangement when the motor 45 is operatedto cause reversal of the cakes.

The operation of the grills is shown in FIGS. 3, 5, 6 and 7. It will benoted that each of the lower grills 11, 12 and 13 is hollowed out on oneside, or at its upper surface in FIG. 3, to provide a suitable recessfor the pancake batter and to hold the pancake in place. This provides aperipheral rim 66 which, as shown in FIG. 5, forms a shoulder to preventthe pancake 67 sliding out of position and permitting it to fall in areverse position on the plate beneath it, as shown in FIG. 6. The hotplate or grill It) has no such rim and the under faces of the grills 11,12 and 13, as shown in FIG. 3, are also flat and without a rim where itwould interfere with the final lateral discharge of the finished cake.Hence, when the grill unit is reversed from the FIG. 6 position towardthat of FIG. 7, each of the pancakes now resting on a flat face which isfree from an obstructing rim can slide outwardly as the faces of thegrills move toward the vertical and thus be deposited into a suitablyplaced dish 68. It will also be appreciated that when the grills arerevolved in a reverse direction from the position shown in FIG. 7 tothat of FIG. 3 the grill 10 becomes the uppermost and the others arelocated therebeneath in their initial positions.

The batter normally applied to the top surface of each of the lowergrills below the top grill will flow somewhat depending upon itsviscosity, so that it is desirable that the central portion of the grillbe slightly depressed below the periphery to retain the batter. Thebatter is ordinarily more than half baked during the first stage to adry and substantially solid condition. Hence, its frictional adhesion tothe hot plate and the centrifugal force of revolution of the unit servesto hold the cake in position as it is flopped over, and the slightelevation of the peripheral rim provides a further restraint againstlateral slippage of the cake.

Hence, the cyclic movement of the grills is that of rotating through todrop the cakes from their initial positions onto the grillstherebeneath. Thereafter, when the grills are rotated to their initialpositions and preferably reversely, the cakes slide out and the grillsare then positioned as initially and are ready for another batch ofbatter. The motor should be rotated fast enough to prevent an untimelyescape of the cakes. The grills are preferably spaced slightly more thanthe thickness of a baked cake or greater than the depth of thelower-most portion of the batter holding depression below the rim so asto hold the fluid batter in position and hinder the later sliding of thecake during the first stage revolution of the grill unit. A closespacing of about onehalf inch between the rim of a lower grill and theunder surface of the next grill thereabove is greater than the depth ofthe batter holding portion or recess of the grill below the rim top andprovides room for the cake to expand during baking and clearance for thelateral discharge of the finished cake. This gives the operator amplefreedom in choosing his batter consistency and cake thickness withoutthe expanding cake touching the hot surface thereabove. This closespacing is found in practice to provide ample room for turning the cakeonto the next lower grill.

Various types of electrical apparatus and wiring may be employed toaccomplish the automatic rotation of the grill unit either through 180and reverse or through 360. A suitable wiring diagram is shown in FIG. 4in which the grill turning motor 45 is of the reversing type and soconstructed and arranged that reversal of the direction of the currentflow in the windings of the motor effects the reversal of its shaft anda consequent reverse rotation of the grill unit. As shown in FIG. 2,this motor 45 may be suitably mounted on a bracket 69 fixed on thestandard 21 or otherwise properly located for the purpose. A suitablesource of power derived from the line 70 (FIG. 4) is connected directlythrough a manually operated switch 71 to the heating elements of thegrills 14, 15, 16 and -17. A suitable thermostat 72 is connected intothe system to insure that the grills may be heated to a requiredtemperature. The reversing grill motor 45 has a common wire 73 connectedto a central terminal through a set of switches and two lead lines 74and 75. The various switches required in the circuit may be controlledby a timing mechanism, shown diagrammatically as a set of cams 80, 81,82, 83 and 84 mounted on a common shaft and driven by a cam motor CM.These various cams, which are shown diagrammatically, are so shaped andtheir high spots so adjusted in position and length as to operate a setof micro switches for controlling the circuit. A manually oper atedstarting switch 85 connected into the power line 70 serves incooperation with a holding relay 86 and its associated switch 87 toapply power to the cam motor CM, and to start the cycle of switchoperations.

When the operator initially thrusts the grills into their bakingpositions, this action may be employed to close the switch 85. That is,the switch may be mounted on the framework in such a position that whenthe last grill has moved into the stacked position, it closes thesuitably positioned main line switch. This causes the cam motor CM torotate the camshaft through a single turn, as may be accomplished bymeans of a slow speed worm gear 88 (FIG. 2). After a suitable bakingtime, such as seconds, for the first baking step as determined by theswitch cont-act position and length of the high spot of the cam 80, thatforward motion cam 80 closes the spring actuated normally open switch 89and applies power through the lines 73 and 75 for rotating the motor 45forwardly to cause the grill unit to rotate in the direction of thearrow in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6. The high spot of the cam has sufficientlength to hold the switch 89 closed long enough to cause the motor 45 torotate the grill unit only through 180. Thereafter, the normally openswitch 89 remains open until the cycle is completed. The other cams actin a series operation as will be explained.

To insure a positive breaking of the motor circuit and an exact butadjustable period for the rotation of motor 45, a stop cam 81 may beemployed to open the normall-y closed switch 90 in the power line 73 andthus stop the motor 45. The cams 80 and 81 are coordinated in positionsand lengths. After a given period of time for the second baking step,such as 12 seconds, the reversing cam 82 on the constantly rotating cammotor shaft closes the normally open switch 91 in the line 74, whichcauses the grill turning motor 45 to reverse and turn the grills in theopposite direction. The stop cam 83 is so adjusted in its position andlength relative to the reversing cam 82 that it will open the normallyclosed switch 92 in the power line 74 and stop the revolution of thegrills at the time when they have reached their initial position of FIG.3.

During this operational period, the holding relay 86 has held its switch'87 closed, and it is now necessary to stop the machine and reset it foranother cycle. To this end, the holding cam 84 moves forward after thereverse rotation of motor 45 to open the normally closed switch 94 andthus break the circuit of the holding relay 86, and this causes thenormally open holding relay switch 37 to open and disconnect the currentfrom the cam motor and stop the cam timing mechanism. The switch is anormally open switch which serves only long enough while held closed tocause the holding relay switch 87 to close and maintain the power linealive during the single rotative turn of the camshaft. Hence, when theholding relay circuit is open, it is necessary again to close themanually operated switch 85 momentarily or long enough to cause theholding relay to close the switch 87 and apply power to the cam motor.The current is connected to the grills through the thermostat 72 as longas the switch 71 is closed. Each of the cams may be made suitablyadjustable as to length and position so that it operates at the righttime and for the needed delay period.

The operation of this apparatus has been made apparent, but it may berepeated that when an order for hot cakes is received, the operatorpulls the grills into the spread apart positions of FIG. 1 and appliesthe batter to the three lower plates. When he releases the bottom grill13 from its holding magnet 62, the grills are returned by their springsto the compact vertically stacked arrangement. Then the operator throwsthe switch 85 or this may be done mechanically, as above stated, tostart the cam motor CM to rotate the camshaft. The cakes are baked onone side for a given period of time, such as 15 seconds, before theforward cam 80 closes the switch 89 and causes the reversing motor 45 toturn. After the grills have been turned through and have reached theposition of FIG. 6, this causes the cakes to drop from their initial hotplate positions onto the lower plates therebeneath. Then the motor 45remains still until the reversing cam 82 closes the switch 91 andcauses: the motor to reverse the grill unit and discharge the cakes intothe dish 68. As soon as the grills have again reached the initialposition of FIG. 3, the stop cam 83 stops the rotating motor 45 and theholding cam 84 opens switch 94 and breaks the circuit to the holdingrelayand the whole system is then inactive. By this mechanism, theoperator has merely to place the batter on the plates and cause them toreturn to their vertical baking positions, after which the operation isfully automatic with a final discharge of the cakes fully baked and thegrills reset for a new batter charge.

Although stop cams 81 and 83 have been shown diagrammatically in orderto clarify the description of the operation, it will be appreciated thatthese are not needed, since the time of the start and stop and thelength of each timing cycle may be fully determined by making the cams80 and 82 of variable length and adjusting them according to the cakebaking requirements. For example, the cam 89 will hold the normally openswitch 89 closed during the period while a cylindrical surface on therotating cam remains in operative contact with the switch, so that thecam 81 and its switch are not needed.

A suitable apparatus may have cylindrical grill plates about 7 or 8inches diameter and about 1.125 inches to 1.5 inches thick. A spacingbetween the grills of about 0.5 inch, herein termed closely spaced thusmakes the grill unit only about 9 inches high. The motors, cams andwiring may be equally compact and arranged largely beneath the swingingarms. Hence, the apparatus is small and light weight and may be mountedon a counter or other suitable location without taking up too muchspace. Various advantages will be readily apparent to one skilled in theart.

It will be appreciated that various modifications may be made in thestructure, either to simplify it for home use or to render it capable ofhigh speed automatic operation for use in a busy restaurant. Hence, theabove disclosure is to be interpreted as setting forth the principles ofthe invention and a preferred embodiment and not as imposing limitationson the appended claims.

This case is a continuation of my prior application, Serial No. 840,713,filed September 17, 1959.

I claim: t

l. Pancake baking apparatus comprising a top grill and lower grillstherebeneath, said grills providing opposed pairs of first and secondbaking surfaces on juxtaposed substantially parallel sides, the firstbaking surfaces being located on the lower grills and each shaped toprovide a central batter holding recess for baking a cake and a raisedperipheral portion which restrains lateral movement of the cake when thegrill is initially revolved, the second baking surfaces being eachlocated on the adjacent grill above and facing the first baking surfaceof a batter holding recess and being shaped to provide for a lateraldischarge of a cake thereon when the grill is revolved, means formounting the grills with their faces in a vertical spacing as a grillunit, and means for revolving the grill unit through successive stagesso that a partly baked cake in the recess of the baking surface willturn over and fall onto the juxtaposed second baking surface which wasinitially thereabove, said raised peripheral portion of each lower grillbeing vertically spaced from the juxtaposed second baking surface of theadjacent grill initially thereabove by a distance greater than the depthof said recess which provides for the lateral discharge of a baked cakefrom said second surface when the grill is revolved.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the means for mounting andrevolving the grills comprises lateral arms, each separately attached toone of the lower grills, a vertical axis pivot means carrying said armswhich provides for a separate lateral swinging of each lower grill armand its grill and a horizontal shaft carrying said pivot means whichserves for revolving the grills and their arms as a unit.

3. Pancake baking apparatus comprising a top grill and a plurality oflower grills therebeneath, each grill having an electrical resistanceheating unit therein, means for supporting the grills in a verticalspacing and initially horizontal as a grill unit which is revolvableabout a horizontal axis, said grills providing opposed pairs ofsubstantially parallel first and second baking surfaces on thejuxtaposed sides of adjacent grills, each lower grill having aninitially upper first baking surface shaped to provide a batter holdingrecess for baking a cake and a raised peripheral portion which restrainslateral movement of the cake thereon when the unit is initiallyrevolved, the second baking surface of the adjacent grill initiallyabove and facing a first baking surface of said batter holding recessbeing spaced from the raised portion of the juxtaposed first bakingsurface and shaped to provide for a lateral discharge of a cake thereonwhen the grill unit is revolved, an electric motor connected to revolvethe grill unit, means providing an electric power circuit therefor, andan automatically actuated time-controlled mechanism which controls saidcircuit and causes the motor to rotate the unit intermittently in twotime separated cycles of about 180 each.

4. Baking apparatus comprising a top grill and lower grills verticallyattached therebeneath which provide opposed pairs of first and secondbaking surfaces on juxtaposed, substantially parallel sides, the firstbaking surfaces being initially on the top sides of the lower grills andthe second baking surfaces being initially on the under sides of thegrills opposed to the first baking surfaces, a horizontal arm attachedto each lower grill, a shaft mounted for revolution about a horizontalaxis, means for rotating the shaft, a body carried by said shaft, avertical axis pivot means on said body which supports the outer ends ofsaid arms and provides for a separate lateral swinging of the arms andexposing the grills for the reception of batter and means for releasablyholding the grills and their arms in a parallel displacement.

5. Baking apparatus according to claim 4 comprising a set of springsinterconnecting the arms which urge the grills towards a verticallystacked arrangement.

6.. Apparatus according to claim 3 in which the time control mechanismcomprises a cam motor and a set of cams rotated thereby and wherein thecircuit for the grill rotating motor includes switches governed by thecams, said cams and switches causing the grill rotating motor to rotatethe grill unit through after a baking time interval and then rotate theunit to its initial position after a further baking time interval andthereafter stop.

7. Baking apparatus comprising a top grill and lower grills verticallyspaced therebeneath, said grills having pairs of first and second bakingsurfaces on substantially arallel sides, the first baking surfaces beinginitially on the top side of said lower'grills and the second bakingsurfaces being initially on the under sides of the grills opposed tosaid first baking surfaces, a horizontal arm attached to a lower grill,a vertical axis pivot means carrying said arm, which provides for movingthe attached lower grill laterally towards and from a vertically spacedarrangement beneath the top grill, and a horizontal axis pivot meanscarrying said grills which serves for revolving the grills as a unitthrough a half turn when the grills are in the vertically spacedarrangement.

8. Baking apparatus according to claim 7 comprising means for releasablyholding said arm and its attached grill laterally displaced relative tothe top grill.

9. Baking apparatus according to claim 7 comprising means providing apower current, an electric motor in said circuit to rotate the grillswhen assembled as a unit and an automatically actuated time controlledmechanism controlling said circuit which causes the motor to rotate thegrills after a predetermined baking time interval.

10. Pancake baking apparatus comprising a top grill and lower verticallyspaced grills therebeneath, said grills providing opposed pairs of firstand second baking surfaces on substantially parallel sides, said firstbaking surfaces being initially on the top sides of the lower grills andeach shaped to hold batter thereon for baking a cake, said second bakingsurfaces being located on the adjacent grill above and facing said firstbaking surface and being shaped for a lateral discharge of a cake bakedthereon, an arm attached to a lower grill, a vertical axis pivot meansfor swinging said arm laterally and moving the attached grill towardsand from a vertically spaced arrangement beneath the top grill,horizontal axis pivot means which serves for rotating all of the grillsas a unit when they are in a vertically spaced arrangement fordischarging the cakes on said first baking surfaces onto the secondbaking surfaces therebeneath, and means for moving the grills to causethe finished cakes to slide laterally from said first baking surfaces.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,675,545 Goss July 3, 1928 $116,688 Ratliff May 10, 1938 2,523,641Alvarez Sept. 26, 1950 2,830,529 Jaffe Apr. 15, 1958

4. BAKING APPARATUS COMPRISING A TOP GRILL AND LOWER GRILLS VERTICALLYATTACHED THEREBENEATH WHICH PROVIDE OPPOSED PAIRS OF FIRST AND SECONDBAKING SURFACES ON JUXTAPOSED, SUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL SIDES, THE FIRSTBAKING SURFACES BEING INITIALLY ON THE TOP SIDES OF THE LOWER GRILLS ANDTHE SECOND BAKING SURFACES BEING INITALLY ON THE UNDER SIDES OF THEGRILLS OPPOSED TO THE FIRST BAKING SURFACES, A HORIZONTAL ARM ATTACHEDTO EACH LOWER GRILL, A SHAFT MOUNTED FOR REVOLUTION ABOUT A HORIZONTALAXIS, MEANS FOR ROTATING THE SHAFT, A BODY CARRIED BY SAID SHAFT, AVERTICAL AXIS PIVOT MEANS ON SAID BODY WHICH SUPPORTS THE OUTER ENDS OFSAID ARMS AND PROVIDES FOR A SEPARATE LATERAL SWINGING OF THE ARMS ANDEXPOSING THE GRILLS FOR THE RECEPTION OF BATTER AND MEANS FOR RELEASABLYHOLDING THE GRILLS AND THEIR ARMS IN A PARALLEL DISPLACEMENT.